An investigation into the fabrication parameters of screen-printed capacitive sensors on e-textiles

The design and development of textile-based capacitive sensors requires the implementation of textile capacitors with a determined capacitance. One of the main techniques to obtain these sensors is the screen-printing of conductive and dielectric inks on textiles. This paper investigates the fabrication parameters that have the most influence when designing and implementing a screen-printed capacitive sensor. In this work, a textile has been used directly as the dielectric part, influencing sensitively the value of the permittivity and the thickness of the dielectric of the capacitor. These are two fundamental parameters for the estimation of its capacitance. The choice of the conductive ink, its viscosity and solid content, as well as printing parameters, such as printing direction, also impact on the manner for obtaining the electrodes of the capacitive sensor. Although the resulting electrodes do not represent an important parameter for the estimation of the capacitance, it determines the selection of fabrics that can be printed. As a result of the investigation, the paper provides a guideline to choose the materials, such as fabrics or inks, as well as the printing parameters, to implement e-textile applications based on projected capacitive technologies. The experiments carried out on different fabrics and inks have provided results with capacities of less than 60 pF, the limit where the sensors based on capacitive technologies are located.